Consistent Navigation and Identification

Consistent Navigation and Identification

Consistency is important for web site accessibility and usability. WCAG 2.0 Success Criterion 3.2.3 (Level AA) requires that navigation elements that are repeated on web pages do not change order across pages. Success Criterion 3.2.4 (Level AA) requires that elements that have the same functionality across multiple web pages be consistently identified. For example, a search box at the top of the site should always appear in the same place and be labeled the same way.
Separate Content/Functionality from Visual Design

Accessibility of web page content and functionality occurs almost entirely in page markup (HTML). Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), on the other hand, should be used exclusively for defining page styling and visual design. While CSS can be used to improve visual design, accessibility, and usability, screen readers ignore nearly all styles. When page content or functionality are integrated into visual design and CSS (such as a CSS background image that presents content, or a styled button that presents no functional text), then this content is not available to screen reader users. Ensure that content and/or functionality are not lost when page styles are disabled.
Accessibility of User Flows

When implementing accessibility, the issues on the most visited or high profile pages are often the first to be addressed. While this is effective, also consider user flows or processes. For example, on an online shopping site, focus on making the entire checkout process accessible. While the final purchasing page of this critical process may not be as high profile or receive as much traffic, if it is inaccessible, the entire flow is essentially inaccessible. Unfortunately, the user may not realize this until they have spent considerable time on previous steps in this flow.
Cognitive Load vs. Functionality

Cognitive load is the amount of mental effort required to engage in a process. On a web page, clutter, animation, confusing content, background sounds, complex information, and other aspects of poor accessibility and usability increase cognitive load. Try to provide necessary functionality while minimizing cognitive load. This can be particularly difficult on site home pages where much functionality is provided, which generally results in a very high cognitive load. Good usability and accessibility techniques, often as identified in user testing, can help site authors maintain necessary functionality while decreasing the cognitive load.

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